Tsunami – The Concept The word “Tsunami” comes from Japanese, meaning “Harbour Wave.”Now, notice something interesting: Sometimes, people call it a “tidal wave.” But this is misleading because tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, whereas tsunamis have nothing to do with tides. Causes of Tsunamis Think of it…
Earthquake Zones of India 👉 Seismic Zonation Map India has released a Seismic Zonation Map under the updated Earthquake Design Code (BIS, 2025). The classification is based on faults, maximum likely events, attenuation, tectonics, lithology, and other geological parameters. Details of New Zonation India’s Earthquake Vulnerability Implications of New Map Earthquakes in Delhi–NCR Region 👉…
Distribution of Earthquakes – Global Pattern Earthquakes are not scattered randomly across the globe. They are concentrated in certain belts, which largely coincide with the margins of tectonic plates. In fact, when you plot earthquake epicentres on a world map, they clearly outline the boundaries of plates. 1. The Circum-Pacific Belt (Ring of Fire) 👉…
An earthquake is nothing but the shaking or trembling of the earth’s surface.But the question is—why does the earth shake? It happens because of seismic waves (also called earthquake waves). These waves are generated when there is a sudden movement or sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust or upper mantle. 👉 If the…
We are dealing with the classification of mountains, and mountains can be classified on three bases: 1. Classification Based on the Period of Origin Mountains are not formed in a single event. Instead, they are the results of orogenic movements (mountain-building movements) that have taken place in Earth’s history. Till now, nine major orogenies have…
Introduction – Why Make in India? Before 2014, India’s growth was often described as “services-led” rather than “manufacturing-led.” To change this, the Government launched the Make in India initiative in 2014, with the vision of transforming India into a global manufacturing hub. 👉 In short: “Produce in India, for India and the world.” Purpose and…
National Master Plan (NMP) for Multimodal Connectivity Introduction – The Idea behind Gati Shakti India has often faced a challenge in infrastructure building: different departments working in silos. To solve this, the government launched PM Gati Shakti – National Master Plan (NMP) in 2021.👉 Its purpose: To integrate infrastructure planning and execution across ministries so…
Support for Statistical Strengthening (SSS) Scheme Introduction – The Context In governance, data is power. Reliable statistics are the backbone of planning, policymaking, and evaluation. But in India, there has always been a gap in statistical capacity at the state level—many states/UTs lack funds, trained staff, and proper infrastructure for data collection and analysis. To…
Introduction – What is MPLADS? MPLADS is a Central Sector Scheme launched in 1993 with a very simple yet powerful idea:➡️ Every Member of Parliament (MP) should have the opportunity to directly recommend small-scale development works in their local areas, based on the locally felt needs of people. Nature of the Scheme Objectives The scheme…
National Broadband Mission (NBM) Aim The mission was launched to ensure the fast-track growth of digital communication infrastructure in India. Its goal is to achieve three key principles of broadband services: Key Components & Targets Other Components Funding Tarang Sanchar Portal This is an information portal linked to mobile towers and their compliance with radiation…
