Civil Registration System
About Legal Framework Registration Process Key Findings of the CRS Report, 2024 Reasons for Improvement Significance Concerns Registrar General of India (RGI) Way Forward
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Modern Agricultural Practices
What Do We Mean by Modern Agricultural Practices? Modern agriculture today goes beyond crop cultivation. It integrates multiple allied activities to: These practices include: Together, they supply milk, meat, eggs, fish, honey, and mushrooms, improving dietary diversity while spreading livelihood risks for farmers. Precision Farming Why Precision Farming Is Needed in India? India’s agriculture has…
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Natural Farming
Why the Shift Towards Natural Farming? The Green Revolution, while ensuring food security, led to input-intensive agriculture, especially water. 👉 This triggered the search for low-cost, low-water, ecologically resilient systems, giving rise to Natural Farming and ZBNF. What Is Natural Farming? Natural Farming is a chemical-free, traditional, sustainable farming system that: Its philosophical foundation comes…
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Organic Farming
Background Organic farming is a system of agriculture that avoids synthetic inputs such as:→ Chemical fertilisers→ Synthetic pesticides→ Growth regulators→ Livestock feed additives Instead, it relies on ecological processes and biological inputs like: Core idea: Feed the soil, not the plant. Soil Health: The Foundation of Organic Farming Organic farmers build healthy soils by nourishing…
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Nutrient Management in Agriculture
Why Nutrient Management Matters Plants, like humans, require a balanced diet.Out of all substances available in soil, air, and water, only 17 elements are essential plant nutrients—meaning the plant cannot complete its life cycle without them. These nutrients are divided into: Poor nutrient management leads to: Hence, nutrient management is a core pillar of sustainable…
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Sustainable Agriculture
Introduction What is Agriculture in a Broad Sense? Agriculture is not limited to crop cultivation alone. It includes: Crop production (food and fibre), Livestock farming, Fisheries, Forestry With the introduction of new technologies, agriculture witnessed: These changes significantly increased food and fibre productivity and reduced labour requirements. The Hidden Cost of Modern Agriculture Although productivity…
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Green Revolution in India
What Do We Mean by Green Revolution? The Green Revolution refers to the rapid increase in food grain production achieved through a package of technological and institutional measures rather than a single change. At its core, the Green Revolution was driven by: In India, the Green Revolution is primarily associated with wheat and rice, because…
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Boundaries and Frontiers
Let’s begin with a simple question. Imagine a country. How do you know where it begins and ends? The answer lies in two important concepts—Boundary and Frontier. Both help us understand how countries define their area, how they relate to their neighbours, and how they grow. But these two terms—although often used interchangeably in casual…
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Spykman’s Rimland Theory – 1944
“All geography should be read historically and all history should be read geographically.” This quote by Herodotus (3rd century BC) sets the philosophical foundation for understanding the Rimland Theory, proposed by Nicholas Spykman in 1944 in his book ‘The Geography of Peace’ — right in the midst of World War II. Where Mackinder spoke of…
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Modified Concept of Midland Basin (1943)
Let us begin with a small historical context. During World War I, Halford Mackinder gave us the famous Heartland Theory, where he emphasized land power — especially the vast landmass of Central Eurasia — as the key to global dominance. But by 1943, the world was no longer the same. In this new geopolitical environment,…