Introduction: Nationalist Movement (1922–1929) When the Non-Cooperation Movement came to a sudden halt in 1922, following the Chauri Chaura incident, the Indian freedom struggle seemed to enter a long pause. The tide of mass enthusiasm that had swept across the country under Mahatma Gandhi’s call of Swaraj in one year ebbed away, leaving behind both…
Background to the Movements The ground had already been prepared by earlier events: 👉 Together, these developments created a situation ripe for a mass uprising. The immediate spark, however, came from the Khilafat issue. The Khilafat Issue Demands of Indian Muslims Formation of Khilafat Committee (1919) All-India Khilafat Conference (Delhi, Nov 22–23, 1919) Congress and…
Response of the Government: The Policy of Carrot and Stick When the First World War ended, the British government clearly sensed that nationalist feelings in India were intensifying. People were frustrated by economic hardships, disappointed by false promises, and inspired by new global events like the Russian Revolution. So, the Government decided to deal with…
By 1919, a big transformation came in India’s freedom struggle. Until now, we had seen the Moderates (1885–1905) and the Extremists (1905–1919). But with Mahatma Gandhi’s entry into politics, the movement shifted into its third and final phase. For the first time, the national struggle became a true mass movement. It was no longer limited…
Core of Gandhian Ideology At its heart, Gandhi’s ideology revolved around: For Gandhi, these were not just moral values but practical tools for achieving social and political transformation. His greatness lay in linking personal ethics with political action. Influences on Gandhi Thus, Gandhi was a synthesis—deeply rooted in Indian traditions but also shaped by Western…
Background Gandhi returned to India in January 1915, at the age of 46, after two decades in South Africa. His arrival was not like that of a fiery political leader but more like that of a seasoned moral figure who had proven himself abroad. At Mumbai’s Apollo Bunder, he was welcomed by huge, cheering crowds….
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat. He belonged to a family of administrators—his father was a Dewan (minister) of a princely state. Gandhi’s personal life started early; at the age of 13, he was married to Kasturba Makanji. Together, they had five children. This early marriage was not unusual…
The Rise of Gandhi When we talk about the freedom struggle of India, there is a natural tendency to divide it into two great phases — before Gandhi and after Gandhi. Such was the transformative impact of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who soon came to be revered as the Mahatma. But Gandhi’s emergence was neither sudden…
🌟 Lala Lajpat Rai: Punjab Kesari (1865–1928) 🔹 Early Life and Arya Samaj Influence 🔹 Role in National Movement 🔹 Education and Social Work 🔹 Abroad and International Work 🔹 Labour Movement 🔹 Political Leadership 🔹 Writer and Thinker 🔹 Simon Commission Protest (1928) ✨ Legacy of Lala Lajpat Rai ✅ In essence: Lala Lajpat…
Context: 🔹 Initial Support of Indian Nationalists 👉 Lesson: Indian moderates miscalculated. Revolutionaries, however, saw the war as the right opportunity to strike at the British. 🔥 The Ghadar Movement Formation (1913) 🌍 Background 👉 They noticed a double standard: 📢 Early Activities 📰 Revolutionary Journalism 🏠 Organisations 🤝 Connections 🔥 Arrival of Bhagwan Singh…
