Imagine you are standing in the middle of a massive glacier—an endless river of ice stretching as far as the eye can see. At first glance, it seems calm and motionless. But don’t be deceived! Beneath this seemingly frozen world, a slow yet powerful force is at work, reshaping the landscape. Glacial erosion occurs due…
Imagine you are trekking in the high Himalayas. As you ascend, the air gets colder, the terrain turns from lush green to rocky, and finally, you reach a point where snow never melts. This is the snow line—the altitude above which temperatures never rise above freezing, even in the hottest month of the year. So,…
In 1905, W.M. Davis introduced the concept of the Arid Cycle of Erosion, which explains how desert landscapes gradually change over time due to erosion and deposition. However, this concept applies only to mountain deserts (like the Thar Desert) and not to low-level open deserts. The cycle passes through four stages — Initial, Youth, Maturity,…
Now to study the depositional landforms carved by Arid geographies let’s again imagine that you are standing in a vast desert, and the wind is blowing fiercely, carrying fine grains of sand with it. But what happens when the wind slows down or suddenly dies? The sand grains, which were once lifted and carried far…
Let’s say you are standing in the middle of a vast desert, under the blazing sun. The air is hot, and strong winds are constantly brushing past you, carrying tiny sand particles. Over thousands of years, these sand particles have sculpted some of the most fascinating and dramatic landforms you can imagine. Today, we’ll take…
We have already studied about pediments in earlier section: A Pediment is a broad, gently sloping rock-cut surface found at the base of a mountain. But how are these pediments formed? Scientists have debated this question for over a century, leading to multiple theories. Let’s explore them one by one: 1. Lawson’s Recession Theory: The…
Suppose you’re standing in a vast, arid desert. The land appears dry and lifeless most of the year, but occasionally, a sudden torrential downpour occurs. Water gushes through the barren landscape, shaping it in unique ways. Unlike humid regions where rivers continuously erode land, in arid regions, water erosion happens sporadically but intensely, giving rise…
Imagine yourself standing in the middle of the Thar Desert in Rajasthan. The sun is blazing, the air is dry, and the only thing that seems to have life is the strong wind blowing continuously across the barren landscape. This wind, seemingly invisible but immensely powerful, is one of the most dominant forces that shape…
Imagine you are standing on a rocky coastline, with waves crashing against the cliffs. The sea seems restless, continuously shaping the land. This dramatic interplay of sea and land is what we call the Marine Cycle of Erosion, a natural process that transforms coastlines over time. Just like rivers shape land through their erosion cycles,…
D.W. Johnson presented a genetic classification of shorelines based on: He classified shorelines into five main types: 1. Shoreline of Emergence: Coastlines Rising from the Sea ✅ Why Important? 2. Shoreline of Submergence: Sinking of Coastal Land ✅ Why Important? 3. Neutral Shoreline: Coastlines Built by Sediment Deposition ✅ Why Important? 4. Compound Shoreline: Mixed…
