Nature and Role The Supreme Court of India performs multiple roles simultaneously: This is why the Constituent Assembly member Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar said: “The Supreme Court of India has more powers than any other Supreme Court in the world.” 🔹 Classification of Jurisdiction The Court’s powers can be grouped as follows: 1. Original Jurisdiction Let’s…
Let’s begin by understanding the judicial structure in India and how it differs from the American system. ⚖️ Integrated Judiciary vs. Dual Judiciary In America, the judicial system is dual —👉 Federal laws are interpreted and enforced by the federal judiciary,👉 while state laws are interpreted by the state judiciary.So, they have two parallel court…
Article No. Subject Matter General 79 Constitution of Parliament 80 Composition of the Council of States 81 Composition of the House of the People 82 Readjustment after each census 83 Duration of Houses of Parliament 84 Qualification for membership of Parliament 85 Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution 86 Right of President to address and…
Think of the IPG as Parliament’s external relations wing — not a government ministry, not a committee of the House, but an autonomous parliamentary body whose job is to make sure Indian MPs speak, learn and cooperate on the world stage. Just as India needs diplomats in foreign capitals, Parliament needs parliamentary diplomats — MPs…
🔍 Committees to Inquire (These committees act like Parliament’s investigative and ethical watchdogs.) 1️⃣ Committee on Petitions 💡 Meaning: If a citizen feels unheard, their petition can reach Parliament through this committee — a beautiful example of participatory democracy. 2️⃣ Committee of Privileges Example: If someone insults Parliament, misrepresents proceedings, or obstructs an MP’s work…
Now we’re stepping into one of the most reformative innovations in India’s parliamentary system, i.e. the Department-Related Standing Committees (DRSCs). If you’ve followed earlier sections so far — we first studied how the Parliament was too large to handle all details, then we saw how Standing Committees (like PAC, Estimates, COPU) ensured financial accountability.Now, from…
— “The Watchdogs of Public Money” Dr. Ambedkar once said, “Parliament’s control over finance is the essence of democracy.”But the real question is — does Parliament itself examine every rupee of government spending? No — that’s humanly impossible. Hence, this responsibility is delegated to three specialized committees which together ensure that “the government spends wisely,…
Introduction: Why Parliamentary Committees Exist Let’s begin with a simple question — Can 543 Lok Sabha members and 245 Rajya Sabha members together, sitting in one hall, effectively examine every single law, policy, and expenditure of the Government in detail? The obvious answer is no. The Parliament is a huge and busy institution. Its work…
Parliamentary privileges are the special rights, immunities and exemptions enjoyed by the two Houses of Parliament, their committees and their members. They exist so Parliament can perform its functions independently and effectively — without fear of outside interference, frivolous litigation or official obstruction. Why privileges are necessary — a short story Imagine a Member of…
“Rajya Sabha — the Council of States — is the second chamber,designed to balance experience with representation, and stability with democracy.” The Rajya Sabha’s position vis-à-vis the Lok Sabha can be studied under three dimensions: equality, inequality, and exclusivity. Areas where Rajya Sabha = Lok Sabha In these matters, both Houses enjoy equal powers and…
