Gypsum is a hydrated calcium sulphate mineral with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. There are different varieties of gypsum based on texture and appearance, including: Unique Physical Property Gypsum’s industrial importance comes from its ability to lose about 75% of its combined water of crystallisation when heated moderately to around 130°C. This process is called calcination….
Sillimanite is a naturally occurring alumino-silicate mineral, with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₅. ➡️ It is one of three polymorphs of aluminium silicate — the other two being Kyanite and Andalusite.Polymorphs = same chemical composition but different crystalline structures, formed under different pressure-temperature conditions. Geological Formation of Sillimanite Where does it come from? Industrial Applications of…
Kyanite is a blue to greenish-blue mineral, typically found in metamorphic rocks that are rich in aluminium. ➡️ Geological Nature: Key Physical and Industrial Properties Property Details High Refractoriness Can withstand extremely high temperatures without deforming or breaking. Aluminium Content The higher the aluminium, the better the quality of kyanite — making it valuable for…
Asbestos refers to a group of six naturally occurring fibrous silicate minerals, known for their extreme durability and resistance. These minerals are not one single mineral, but a category defined by their fibrous crystal structure. Key Physical Properties: Property Importance Fibrous texture Can be woven into cloth or rope. Flexibility & Tensile Strength Strong yet…
Let’s start with a fundamental definition. Mica is a naturally occurring, non-metallic phyllosilicate mineral — that is, a silicate mineral which forms in layers (phyllo = leaf in Greek). ✅ It is one of 34 phyllosilicate minerals, but only a few — like Muscovite and Phlogopite — are economically significant. Now, what makes mica special?…
After discussing dolomite, which contains both calcium and magnesium, we now turn to a mineral that is almost purely magnesium carbonate — Magnesite. What is Magnesite? Let’s begin with the textbook definition: Magnesite is a magnesium carbonate mineral with the chemical formula: MgCO₃ It usually forms in magnesium-rich rocks and comes in three common forms:…
In the last section, we’ve talked about limestone. Now, imagine a close cousin of limestone — similar in structure, but with a subtle chemical twist. That’s Dolomite. What is Dolomite? Let’s begin with the technical identity: Dolomite is a mineral compound made up of calcium magnesium carbonate with the formula:CaMg(CO₃)₂ If limestone is primarily calcium…
Let’s begin by visualising this: imagine you are walking on a beach filled with shells, corals, and tiny marine organisms. Over millions of years, these remains get buried under more and more layers. What forms from them? Limestone. So, what is Limestone? Limestone is a sedimentary rock—this means it is formed by the accumulation and…
Diamonds—known to most people as precious stones—are much more than ornaments. From the lens of economic geography, they are strategic minerals with significant industrial and commercial value. What is a Diamond? Let’s begin with a fundamental definition: This is why faceted diamonds sparkle with brilliance—something geographers should understand not emotionally, but structurally. How Are Diamonds…
Graphite is a naturally occurring form of carbon, but it’s not just any form—it is the most stable form of pure carbon under normal temperature and pressure conditions. You may also come across its older names—Plumbago or Black Lead. But be careful! Despite the name “black lead,” graphite has nothing to do with lead (Pb)….
