India has been divided into 22 major river basins by the Central Water Commission (CWC). These basins are categorized based on their drainage patterns and geographical regions. List of 22 River Basins (CWC Classification) Sl. No Basin Code Basin Name Area (sq.km) Rank (by Area) 1 1 Indus (up to border) 3,21,289 3 2 2A…
Let’s begin with a curious question: “Are rivers older than mountains?” Strange as it may sound, the answer in many cases is yes. And that’s exactly what has happened with the Himalayan River system. 🗺️ Himalayan Rivers: A Quick Recap First, who are we talking about? These are snow-fed, perennial rivers. They originate far up…
Let’s begin with the basic idea. Imagine a country like a large roof. When it rains, the water needs a path to flow down and reach the ground. This flow doesn’t happen randomly. Water naturally chooses a route—lowest in elevation—and this forms a pattern. That pattern of how water from rainfall or melting snow flows…
Imagine a place where it rains a lot—so much so that the ground stays wet for most of the year. Now, in such waterlogged regions, when plants shed their leaves or die, their remains don’t get enough time or the right environment to decompose completely. Why? Because decomposition needs air—oxygen, specifically. And these areas are…
Imagine you’re trying to grow crops on ground that tastes like namak (salt).That’s exactly what farmers deal with in saline-alkaline soils. These are soils poisoned by excessive salts—either naturally, or due to human activities like over-irrigation. ⚗️ How Do These Soils Form? Let’s break this into logic-based layers: 🌊 Layer 1: Salt from Weathering 💧…
These are the soils of extreme conditions—hot, dry, and windy regions where sand dominates everything. Imagine trying to grow a garden in a sandbox. That’s what farmers in desert areas deal with.These soils are 90–95% sand and just 5–10% clay—so water and nutrients just run right through. 📍 Distribution: Where are these soils found? Arid…
Forest–Mountain Soils are a heterogeneous group of soils, meaning they don’t follow one fixed pattern. They are like a quilt—different patches depending on altitude, slope, vegetation, and rock type. Just like you find different styles of houses in a mountain village depending on the slope and view—these soils differ from one point to another, even…
To understand Laterite soils, let’s begin with the word itself. “Laterite” comes from the Latin word later, meaning brick. Why brick? Because these soils harden like bricks when exposed to air after losing moisture. But how are these soils formed? Logical Flow of Formation: Analogy: Imagine boiling a pot of soup continuously and removing the…
To understand any soil, begin with its parent material—that’s the rock from which it has formed through weathering over thousands of years. 🔻 Texture & Characteristics Red soils are diverse in texture—they can range from sandy to clayey, but most commonly, they are loamy (a mix of sand, silt, and clay). Location-based Variations: Region Soil…
Let’s begin with the parent material—the rock from which the soil comes. Analogy: If soil were a child, its characteristics depend on the “genes” of its parent rock. And in this case, its parent is lava rock—hot, dense, and rich in minerals. ☀️ Climate: 🧬 Physical Characteristics Black soils are argillaceous—meaning they have a high…
