PRADHAN MANTRI JANJATI ADIVASI NYAYA MAHA ABHIYAN (PM-JANMAN)

“Justice to the most vulnerable among the vulnerable.”

🔷 Introduction: Why this Scheme?

Let’s begin with a basic question:
Who are the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)?

These are the most marginalised among the Scheduled Tribes—with:

• Pre-agricultural lifestyle
• Zero or low literacy
• Primitive technology
• And often, almost no contact with modern society

So, PM-JANMAN is not just a welfare scheme, it’s a corrective measure.

Aimed at bridging the developmental gaps for these 75 PVTGs, spread across 18 States and 1 Union Territory (Andaman & Nicobar Islands).

🔷 Quick Facts at a Glance

Feature	Details
Purpose	To uplift 75 PVTGs socially and economically
Type	Hybrid: Central Sector + Centrally Sponsored Schemes
Duration	From 2023-24 to 2025-26
Launched on	15 November 2023 (Janjatiya Gaurav Divas – Birth Anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda)
Coverage	18 States + Andaman & Nicobar Islands

🔷 Objective: What are we trying to achieve?

The scheme’s goal is simple, yet profound:

To bring PVTG households and habitations to a basic standard of living, in mission mode.

This includes:

• Safe housing
• Clean drinking water
• Access to education
• Electricity
• Healthcare
• Skill development, and more.

In short: ‘minimum dignity for every PVTG household’.

🔷 Salient Features: What makes PM-JANMAN special?

✅ Targeted Approach

• 75 PVTGs, identified officially, are the sole beneficiaries.
• This allows for focused resource allocation, better monitoring, and impact saturation.

✅ States Covered

Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal

• UT of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

🔷 Inter-ministerial Convergence: All Ministries on Board

This scheme is an inter-ministerial convergence mission.

• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Tribal Affairs
• 9 Ministries implement their own schemes, but in coordinated manner for PVTGs.

This ensures:

One village, one plan, multiple departments—working together.

🔷 Funding: Where is the money coming from?

• Total Budget: ₹24,104 crore
  • Central Share: ₹15,336 crore
  • State Share: ₹8,768 crore

This blend of central and state contributions is designed for both ownership and accountability.

🔷 Implementation: Scheme-Wise Breakdown

We’ll break implementation into two broad categories:

1. Individual-Based Interventions

Ministry	Scheme
M/o Rural Development	Pucca houses: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) Roads: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
M/o Jal Shakti	Piped/Community Water Supply: Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)
M/o Power	Electrification: Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) or MNRE

2. Community-Based Interventions

Ministry	Intervention
Health & Family Welfare	Mobile Medical Units under National Health Mission
Education	Hostels under Samagra Shiksha
Women & Child Development	Anganwadi Centres (AWCs)
Tribal Affairs	VDVKs (Van Dhan Vikas Kendras) under PM Janjatiya Vikas Mission Multipurpose Centres (MPCs) for community use
Communication	Mobile Towers via DoT (Universal Service Obligation Fund)
Skill Development	Vocational Training under Samagra Shiksha + PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana

⚡ Special Highlight: Solar Electrification for PVTGs

One of the most innovative components of PM-JANMAN is the Solar Power Scheme, designed exclusively for electrifying 1 lakh un-electrified households among PVTGs.

It has 3 components:

Component	Description
1. Solar Home Lighting Systems (SHLS)	For scattered households – Includes LED bulbs, fan, 5-year free maintenance
2. Solar Mini-Grids	For clusters of households – CFA (Central Financial Assistance) up to ₹50,000 per household
3. Solarisation of MPCs	For community centres where grid power not available – CFA of ₹1 lakh per centre for complete off-grid system

📢 IEC Campaign (Information, Education, Communication)

• A mass awareness campaign is being run to educate PVTG communities about the scheme benefits.
• Goal: 100% saturation of benefits in every tribal habitation.

🔚 Conclusion: Why PM-JANMAN Matters for UPSC

• First ever mission-mode scheme exclusively for PVTGs
• Demonstrates social justice, federal cooperation, and inclusive governance
• Provides excellent content for GS2 (Welfare Schemes, Governance) and GS3 (Infrastructure, Inclusive Growth)

📌 Important Keywords for Mains

• PVTG Development
• Mission Mode Governance
• Inter-ministerial Convergence
• Solar Mini Grids
• Tribal Justice
• Janjatiya Gaurav Divas
• Birsa Munda
• Inclusive Growth