Imagine the Earth as a giant loaf of bread, fresh out of the oven. Now, if you gently pull it apart from both sides, a deep gap forms in the middle. This is exactly how rift valleys are created—massive trough-like depressions formed due to faulting activities when parts of the Earth’s crust move apart or…
Mass movements involve the downhill movement of rock, soil, and debris due to gravity. Unlike erosion (which involves transportation by wind, water, or ice), mass movement happens without the help of an external agent—gravity does all the work! Key Features of Mass Movements ✅ Driven by Gravity – No wind, water, or ice is required,…
Imagine you are holding a soft, fluffy rug between your hands. If you push both ends towards each other, what happens? The rug crumples, forming waves, crests, and troughs. Now, replace the rug with the Earth’s crust and your hands with powerful geological forces—and you have just visualized the phenomenon of crustal bending and folding….
Imagine you are watching a time-lapse video of Earth spanning millions of years. What do you see? Land rising, mountains forming, valleys deepening—a slow but grand transformation. Unlike earthquakes and volcanoes that make their presence known instantly, diastrophic forces operate patiently and persistently, shaping the land over millions of years. Now, let’s embark on a…
Introduction The Geological Time Scale (GTS) is like a diary of the Earth, not written in words, but in rocks, fossils, tectonic shifts, and climatic events. It chronicles the transformation of our planet from a molten ball of fire to a life-sustaining home. But unlike human calendars measured in years, the Earth speaks in millions…
🌠 What’s the Closest Star to the Sun? Let’s go beyond our Sun now and meet its closest neighbours in the galaxy. 🔸 Proxima Centauri 📝 Fun Fact: It has been the closest star for the last 32,000 years, and will remain so for another 33,000 years. After that, Ross 248 will take over. 🔸…
🪨 Asteroids and the Asteroid Belt – The Debris Zone Between Mars and Jupiter 🔹 Ceres — The Special One: ❄️ Kuiper Belt, Pluto & Charon — The Cold Storage Beyond Neptune 🔹 Pluto: 🔸 Why Pluto was demoted: IAU defined a planet as one that: Pluto fails the 4th criterion, as many similar-sized bodies…
At its simplest: “A planet is a celestial body that moves in an elliptical orbit around a star.” In our solar system, the Sun is that central star, and the eight planets orbit it in well-defined paths. But all planets are not the same — they can be grouped into two broad families. 🪐 Classification…
The Sun is the heart of our solar system — providing light, heat, and gravitational stability. Key Facts: While the Sun holds ~99.8% of the solar system’s mass, it has only ~2% of the system’s angular momentum, largely due to its gaseous and differential rotation. Internal Structure of the Sun Let’s travel from core to…
When we speak of the solar system, the first thing that comes to mind is the Sun and the eight planets. But it’s not limited to just that. Our solar system is a vast cosmic family that includes: This vast celestial network is held together by a single force — gravity. ☀️ Heliocentric Model —…
