Topography produced by Volcanism
7 minutes read time
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World Distribution of Volcanoes
Volcanoes are not randomly scattered across the Earth. Instead, they are closely linked to weaker zones of the Earth’s crust, where tectonic activity is high. They often occur near plate boundaries and are associated with earthquakes. 🔥 The Three Major Volcanic Belts 1️⃣ Circum-Pacific Belt – The Ring of Fire 🔥🌊 📍 Location: Encircling the…
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Nature of Volcanoes and Magma Composition
Volcanoes are Earth’s pressure valves—releasing molten rock, gas, and debris from deep within. But not all volcanoes are the same! Their behavior depends on what’s melting beneath them and how easily magma can flow. 🧪 The Science Behind Magma – Partial Melting Rocks aren’t pure substances—they’re made up of different minerals, each with different melting…
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Classification of Volcanoes
Classification of Volcanoes based on: Volcanoes based on Continuity of Eruption Just like living beings, volcanoes go through different phases in their lifetime—some are young and full of fire, some slumber for centuries, and others fade into history, never to awaken again. Based on their activity, volcanoes are classified into three main types: Active, Dormant,…
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Introduction to Volcanism
Imagine standing on the edge of a vast, trembling landscape, watching molten rock ooze from the earth, shaping new landforms before your very eyes. This is volcanism—a process as old as the planet itself, sculpting mountains, islands, and entire continents. But to truly understand it, we must embark on a journey deep inside the Earth,…
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Introduction to Endogenetic and Exogenetic Forces UPSC
Imagine the Earth as a grand sculptor, tirelessly shaping and reshaping itself. Every mountain peak, every valley, every coastline you see is a masterpiece crafted by two invisible but mighty artisans—Endogenetic Forces and Exogenetic Forces. Endogenetic Forces Close your eyes and picture the Earth’s interior. It’s not just solid rock—it’s a cauldron of molten lava,…
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The Concept of Isostasy UPSC
Imagine you are walking on a rope stretched across two buildings. To maintain balance, you use a long pole. If one side of the pole is heavier, you will start tilting. To avoid this, you instinctively adjust your body weight to restore equilibrium. The Earth does something similar on a much grander scale—this is the…
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Causes of Geomagnetism UPSC
The First Attempt: The Myth of the Giant Bar Magnet The idea of Earth’s magnetism first took shape in the 1600s when Sir William Gilbert proposed that our planet behaves like a giant bar magnet. If you imagine inserting a bar magnet inside the Earth, its south pole would be near the geographical north and…
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Introduction to Geomagnetism
Let’s say you are standing in the middle of a vast desert, holding a simple magnetic compass in your hand. No matter where you go, the needle obediently points north. Ever wondered why? It’s not magic—it’s science! Beneath our feet, deep within the Earth, lies a powerful force that influences not only our navigation but…
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Plate Tectonic Theory
The Plate Tectonics Theory is one of the most revolutionary ideas in the field of Earth Sciences — just like Newton’s laws in Physics or Darwin’s theory in Biology. This theory explains why earthquakes happen, how mountains are formed, why volcanoes erupt, and how continents have drifted over millions of years. 👉 This theory was…
