The Law Commission of India is one of the most important institutions connected with law reform, yet it often receives less attention in Polity. It is neither a constitutional body nor a statutory one — it is a non-statutory, advisory body created by the Government from time to time. Its strength lies not in legal…
When we study the Indian judiciary and legal system, one very important statutory institution is the Bar Council of India (BCI). It plays a role similar to what the Medical Council plays for doctors or the ICAI plays for Chartered Accountants — it regulates the legal profession and legal education in India. Let’s understand it:…
When we study disaster management for UPSC, NDMA becomes the central pillar. It is India’s apex body that decides how the country prepares for, responds to, and manages disasters. To understand NDMA fully, let us proceed: Establishment – How was NDMA born? India did not always have an organised, institutional mechanism for disaster management. The…
Whenever we study Indian Polity, especially internal security institutions, one question naturally arises: “Who investigates terrorism at the national level? Who coordinates when a terror act spans multiple states?”The answer is NIA — India’s premier central counter-terrorism law enforcement agency. Let’s understand it: Establishment of NIA – Why and How? To understand NIA, imagine the…
To understand Lokpal and Lokayuktas properly, we must begin with the global background—because these institutions are not uniquely Indian; they evolved from a long tradition of democratic accountability. Global Scenario: Why Did the World Need an Ombudsman? Modern democracies increasingly adopted a welfare role: As bureaucracy expanded, so did the possibility of abuse of power,…
India’s premier investigative agency Understanding the CBI is essential for UPSC because it sits at the intersection of federalism, police powers, corruption control, and administrative integrity. Let’s understand it. Establishment: How did CBI originate? To understand the CBI, we must go back in history. A. Special Police Establishment (SPE) – 1941 B. After World War…
(The State-level Guardian of the Right to Information) Introduction Just as the Central Information Commission works for RTI matters concerning the Central Government, every State has its own State Information Commission to ensure transparency in the functioning of state-level public authorities. The SIC is a high-powered, independent statutory body created under the Right to Information…
(A Key Institution Under the Right to Information Act, 2005) Introduction The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 made India one of the world’s largest open-information democracies. To enforce this landmark legislation effectively, the Act created an independent, powerful authority: 👉 The Central Information Commission (CIC)It is a statutory body—not a constitutional one. Establishment of…
Establishment To understand CVC, remember one simple line: 👉 CVC is the apex anti-corruption vigilance body of the Central Government. But this strong institution started very humbly. 1964 – Established by Executive Resolution 2003 – Became a Statutory Body Whistle Blower Responsibilities Under the PIDPI Resolution, 2004 (Public Interest Disclosure and Protection of Informers’ Resolution):…
India is a diverse society with multiple religions, cultures, and communities. To ensure that minority communities do not feel alienated or discriminated against, the Government established the National Commission for Minorities (NCM). Let’s understand it: Establishment of the Commission A. Began as an Executive Body (1978) In 1978, the Government of India created the Minorities…
