GEOMORPHOLOGY UPSC NOTES

• CHAPTER 1: NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF GEOMORPHOLOGY
  • Introduction to Geomorphology
  • Evolution of Geomorphology
• CHAPTER 2: ORIGIN OF EARTH AND SOLAR SYSTEM
  • Origin of the Earth and Solar System
• CHAPTER 3: ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF EARTH’S CRUST
  • Geological Time Scale
  • Origin and Evolution of the Earth’s crust
• CHAPTER 4: ROCKS
  • Rocks and its types
  • Igneous rocks
  • Sedimentary Rocks
  • Metamorphic Rocks
  • Rock Cycle
• CHAPTER 5: STRUCTURE OF THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
  • Structure of the Interior of the Earth
  • Seismic Waves
  • The Layers of Earth
• CHAPTER 6: THEORIES OF EARTH’S CRUSTAL MOVEMENT
  • Continental Drift Theory
  • Convection Current Hypothesis
  • Sea Floor Spreading
  • Plate Tectonic Theory
  • Comparison
• CHAPTER 7: GEOMAGNETISM AND ISOSTASY
  • Introduction to Geomagnetism
  • Causes of Geomagnetism
  • Theory of Isostasy
• CHAPTER 8: ENDOGENETIC AND EXOGENETIC PROCESSES
  • Introduction to Endogenetic and Exogenetic Forces
  • Diastrophic Forces
  • Exogenic Forces
• CHAPTER 9: VOLCANISM AND VOLCANIC LANDFORMS
  • Introduction to Volcanism
  • Classification of Volcanoes
  • Nature and composition of Volcanoes
  • World Distribution of Volcanoes
  • Topography produced by Volcanoes
• CHAPTER 10: MOUNTAIN BUILDING AND THEORIES
  • Introduction to Mountain Building
  • Folded Mountains
  • Geosynclines
  • Concept of Geosynclines by Geographers
  • Kober’s Theory of Geosynclines
  • Jeffreys’ Thermal Contraction Theory
  • Geosynclines in the Context of Plate Tectonic Theory
  • Block, Volcanic and Residual Mountains
• CHAPTER 11: GEOMORPHIC CYCLES AND LAND DEVELOPMENT
  • Introduction to Geomorphic Cycles
  • Geomorphic Theories
  • G. K. Gilbert’s Geomorphic Theory
  • William Morris Davis & His Concept of Landscape Development
  • Geomorphic Model of Penck
  • L.C. King’s Geomorphic Model
  • Morisawa’s Tectono-Geomorphic Model
  • J.T. Hack’s Geographic Model
  • S.A. Schumm’s Episodic Erosion Model
  • Denudation Chronology
  • Interruptions in the Cycle of Erosion
  • Rejuvenation
• CHAPTER 12: HILL SLOPES DEVELOPMENT
  • Introduction to Hill Slopes
  • Slope Elements
  • Classification of Slopes
  • Approaches to the study of slope development
  • Models of Slope Evolution
• CHAPTER 13: DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND DRAINAGE PATTERNS
  • Drainage System and Drainage Patterns
  • Classification of Drainage System
  • Drainage Patterns
• CHAPTER 14: CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY
  • Introduction to Channel Morphology
  • Longitudinal Profile
  • Transverse Profile
  • Channel Bed Topography
• CHAPTER 15: FLUVIAL EROSION AND LANDFORMS
  • Fluvial Erosion
  • Erosional Landforms
  • Rivers Meandering
  • Depositional Landforms
• CHAPTER 16: COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGY
  • Coastal Processes
  • Erosional Landforms
  • Depositional Landforms
  • Johnson’s classification of Shorelines
  • Marine Cycle of Erosion
• CHAPTER 17: ARID AND SEMI-ARID GEOMORPHOLOGY
  • Wind and Aeolian Landforms
  • Water Eroded Arid Landforms
  • Theories of Pediment Formation
  • Wind Eroded Arid Landforms
  • Depositional Landforms
  • Arid Cycle of Erosion
• CHAPTER 18: GLACIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY
  • Glaciers
  • Erosional Landforms
  • Depositional Landforms
  • Galcio-fluvial Deposits and Landforms
  • The Glacial Cycle of Erosion
  • The Ice Age
• CHAPTER 19: PERIGLACIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY
  • Periglacial Process
  • Periglacial Landforms
  • Periglacial Cycle of Erosion
• CHAPTER 20: KARST TOPOGRAPHY
  • Introduction
  • Erosional Landforms
  • Depositional Landorms
  • Karst Cycle of Erosion
• CHAPTER 21: APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY
  • Introduction
  • The Two Main Lines of Application
  • Specific Applications
  • Techniques of Applied Geomorphology
• CHAPTER 22: CLIMATIC GEOMORPHOLOGY
  • Introduction
  • Geomorphic Processes and Climatic controls