When we hear the word cyclone, we often imagine massive storms near the equator like hurricanes or typhoons. But in reality, the cyclones that dominate the weather of Europe, North America, and much of Asia are not tropical—they are called temperate cyclones. These are also known as: Basic Nature 👉 In short: Temperate cyclones are…
Suppose you are standing on a vast open plain, feeling the wind rush past you. You notice that the wind doesn’t just blow randomly—it follows patterns shaped by forces far beyond what the eye can see. This is the world of atmospheric circulation, where cyclones and anticyclones play a pivotal role in shaping weather patterns…
Fronts and Frontogenesis Imagine the atmosphere as a huge battlefield where different armies of air are always in motion. These armies are called air masses — large bodies of air that have uniform characteristics like temperature, humidity, and pressure. Now, what happens when two very different air masses face each other? For example: The line…
Imagine you are standing in Rajasthan on a hot summer afternoon — the air feels scorching, dry, and persistent. Now, travel in your mind to the coastal region of Kerala during the monsoon — the air is warm, but moist, heavy with water vapour. Both are examples of air masses — vast bodies of air…
Rainfall is not evenly distributed across the globe. Some regions receive heavy and consistent rain throughout the year, while others remain dry for extended periods. This variation is due to multiple factors such as proximity to the sea, wind direction, mountains, and altitude. Let’s break down the distribution of rainfall worldwide and explore the different…
Precipitation is nature’s way of delivering water from the atmosphere to the Earth. Imagine warm, moist air rising high into the sky. As it cools down, it reaches a point called the dew point, where the moisture condenses into tiny water droplets or ice crystals. When these droplets or crystals grow heavy enough, they fall…
Suppose waking up early on a winter morning, stepping outside, and finding the world wrapped in a thick, milky blanket of fog. You can barely see a few meters ahead, and the trees in the distance appear like ghostly silhouettes. But have you ever wondered—what exactly is fog, and how does it form? Let’s take…
Ever wondered why some air rises and forms clouds while other air stays still? It all depends on whether the atmosphere is stable or unstable. What is Atmospheric Stability? Atmospheric stability determines whether air will rise, sink, or stay still. This helps us understand cloud formation, storms, and air movements. Vertical movement in air happens…
Ever wondered why clouds form when air rises? Or why mountain tops are cooler than plains? The answer lies in how air cools down—either by direct heat loss (diabatic cooling) or by expansion due to altitude changes (adiabatic cooling). Cooling of Air For air to condense and form clouds, its temperature must drop until it…
Imagine stepping out on a chilly morning and noticing tiny water droplets forming on your car windshield or grass blades. Or perhaps you’ve seen your bathroom mirror fog up after a hot shower. What you’re witnessing is condensation—a fundamental process in Earth’s water cycle. What is Condensation? Condensation is the process by which water vapor…
