– Fundamental Rights vs Directive Principles Let us now take up the Champakam Dorairajan Case (1951)—a judgment that clearly established the hierarchy between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy in the early years of the Constitution. Background of the Case In the early years after Independence, the Government of Madras issued an executive…
– The Preventive Detention Case This was a judgment that shaped the early constitutional philosophy of personal liberty in India, and whose influence lasted for nearly three decades. Background of the Case A.K. Gopalan was a prominent communist leader. Soon after the Constitution came into force, he was detained under the Preventive Detention Act, 1950….
– Foundation of Press Freedom in India Background of the Case Soon after the Constitution came into force, Romesh Thappar, a well-known journalist, was the editor of an English weekly journal called Cross Roads, published from Bombay.The journal was critical of government policies and contained political commentary. The Government of Madras, however, passed an order…
The Constitution of India is a very detailed document. If all information were placed directly inside Articles, the Constitution would become bulky, repetitive, and difficult to amend. 👉 This is where Schedules come in. Simply, think of Articles as principles and rules, and Schedules as detailed annexures that support those rules. How Many Schedules Are…
The Constitution of India, enforced on 26 January 1950, is not merely a collection of laws. It is the supreme law of the land—the ultimate authority that governs the relationship between the State and citizens, and among the organs of the State themselves. Originally, the Constitution consisted of: However, the Constitution is not static. As…
Sl. No. Functionaries / Bodies Report Submitted To Related Article 1 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India President (related to the Union) and Governor (related to the State) 151 2 State Finance Commission Governor 243-I 3 Chairperson of the District Planning Committee State Government 243ZD 4 Chairperson of the Metropolitan Planning Committee State Government 243ZE 5…
Sl. No. Functionaries / Bodies Removed by / Dissolved by Related Article 1 President Parliament 61 2 Vice-President Parliament 67 3 Rajya Sabha Not subject to dissolution 83 4 Lok Sabha President 85 5 Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Rajya Sabha 90 6 Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha Lok Sabha 94…
Sl. No. Functionaries Resignation Submitted To Related Article 1 President Vice-President 56 2 Vice-President President 67 3 Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha 90 4 Speaker of the Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha 94 5 Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha Speaker of the Lok Sabha 94…
Sl. No. Functionaries Salary Determined by Related Article 1 President Parliament 59 2 Vice-President No salary (Entitled to the salary of the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha) 64 3 Prime Minister Parliament 75 4 Central Ministers Parliament 75 5 Attorney-General of India President 76 6 Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Parliament 97…
Sl. No. Functionaries / Institutions Term / Duration Related Article 1 President 5 years 56 2 Vice-President 5 years 67 3 Prime Minister During the pleasure of the President 75 4 Central Ministers During the pleasure of the President 75 5 Attorney-General of India During the pleasure of the President 76 6 Rajya Sabha Continuing…
